Asymptomatic Bacteriuria or Urinary Tract Infection? New and Old Biomarkers

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infective disease in adult population. UTI diagnosis is based essentially on presence of lower urinary symptoms (e.g., dysuria, urgency, and frequency) evidence bacteriuria (by dipstick testing and/or urine culture). not always easy because can be vague, or patient basal conditions interfere negatively with diagnostic process, whereas culture still ongoing. In those cases, differential UTIs asymptomatic (ABU) may challenging, while clinician has to decide whether start an antibiotic treatment shortly. The purpose present review analyze biomarkers that could help diagnosis. Some biomarkers, such as procalcitonin, interleukin-6, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, chemokines, lactoferrin, bone morphogenetic protein-2, seem promising diagnosis, other failed show any utility. Whereas a single biomarker was enough, combination have more chances